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[hal-04271386] Discrimination against people with mental, physical or visual disabilities in the French rental housing market: field experiment
We implement correspondence testing to detect and assess the extent of discrimination against people with disabilities in the French rental housing market. By sending 1,750 emails in a matched-pair procedure, we provide evidence of significant and extensive discrimination against blind people with a guide dog, individuals with mental disabilities, and individuals with motor impairments in the process of rented housing allocation. However, the primary cause of discrimination against blind individuals appears to stem from the presence of the guide dog, rather than the disability itself. Our results are also consistent with the presence of statistical discrimination (particularly based on financial means). We find that absolute discrimination against disabled applicants increases in accordance with the level of rent, while real estate agents discriminate significantly less against disabled applicants than private landlords.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alexandre Flage) 06 Nov 2023
https://institut-agro-dijon.hal.science/hal-04271386v1
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[hal-05110567] Why do we keep killing crows? Farmers’ attachment to a controversial method in an attempt to protect their crops
Corvids are responsible for important damage to spring crops across western Switzerland and have become a significant concern for the farming community. Various prevention methods have been tested to reduce agricultural losses, but no suitable solution has been found. In an attempt to solve this problem, the Swiss farming community is asking the authorities, despite its relative unpopularity, to liberalize control shooting. However, the effectiveness of this control method has never been scientifically proven, and the few studies in ecology or conservation biology that question its efficiency are not considered by the farming community. This raises the question of why the attachment to an uncertain and controversial method is so strong. By bringing out the farming community's dominant representation of the problem of corvid damage and analyzing the stakeholder network dynamics, this article aims to highlight the social logics and multifactorial dimension of choosing a control method. We found that the fight against corvid damage is part of a more general conflict that pits the farming community against the rest of society on issues of ecology and production. Various social, cultural and cognitive logics lead the farming community to remain attached to control shooting, making a cognitive gamble that has no solid scientific basis. To succeed in getting farmers to abandon control shooting, three conditions must be met: the emergence of a replacement innovation, awareness of the negative practical, economic and ethical aspects of control shooting, and improved access to scientific knowledge on the subject in the farming world.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Juliette Craplet) 13 Jun 2025
https://institut-agro-dijon.hal.science/hal-05110567v1
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[hal-05055186] Zones à faibles émissions : au-delà de verdir l’automobile, un levier vers les mobilités durables
Les zones à faibles émissions (ZFE) cristallisent la controverse en France, alors que leur suspension est discutée à l’Assemblée nationale. Souvent présentées comme un outil permettant de verdir le parc automobile, potentiellement aux dépens des populations défavorisées résidant en périphérie, elles sont avant tout un levier permettant le développement des mobilités durables. Une étude récente menée dans l’agglomération grenobloise montre que la frange de la population impactée sans alternative est très faible et qu’elle pourrait bénéficier de mesures d’accompagnement ciblées.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sandrine Mathy) 04 May 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05055186v1
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[hal-05053988] Insights into the biotic factors driving the outcome of coalescence events between soil bacterial communities
Coalescence events, which consist in the mixing of previously separated communities, are frequent in nature or as a result of human activities. Despite recently gaining attention as a tool to test ecological theories and engineer microbial communities, little is known about the factors that influence the outcome of such coalescence events. Here, we evaluated the relative importance of three community properties—namely, diversity, composition, and density—in determining coalescence outcome and biotic interactions among members of the coalescing bacterial communities. We found that manipulation of the density and composition of soil bacterial community resulted in the largest shifts in the structure of the resulting coalesced communities, explaining 24.7% and 6.8% of the variance in the β-diversity of the coalesced communities, respectively. Coalescence events impacted up to 35% of the dominant Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTUs) in the native community, with a predominance of negative effects. Our results also revealed that community density had the greatest explanatory power for the variance in the relative abundance of the OTUs negatively affected by coalescence events. In particular, all significantly affected OTUs that belonged to the Bacillales exhibited a decrease in relative abundance in several of the coalesced communities, which was related to the density of some members of the α-Proteobacteria and γ-Proteobacteria in the manipulated community suspensions. Overall, our data suggest that community density and composition were the main properties determining the outcome of coalescence events and that coalescence experiments can offer insights into multi-species interactions in complex environments.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sarah Huet) 02 May 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05053988v1
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[hal-05108807] Can cooperation reduce the environmental impact of Local Food Supply Chains ? : An interdisciplinary research between social and environmental sciences
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Berline Africa Maagoum Soh) 12 Jun 2025
https://institut-agro-dijon.hal.science/hal-05108807v1
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[hal-05022473] Review and challenges in the economic valuation of green spaces
Green spaces provide a variety of ecosystem services to society and the environment. This paper provides an overview of the literature on the valuation of green spaces, focusing on their advantages and limitations. We conclude with a number of challenges ahead.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Capucine Chapel) 06 Apr 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05022473v1
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[hal-05111276] Contre-culture, écopsychologie et masculinisme. Itinéraire d'une reconversion dans la baie de San Francisco
A partir du début des années 1990 en Californie, l’écopsychologie et l’écothérapie se développent autour de l’idée selon laquelle l’esprit humain a partie liée avec le monde naturel : notre psyché serait affectée par la violence que nous infligeons à la Terre, et seule une reconnexion profonde à la nature, souvent par des rituels présentés comme « chamaniques » pourrait nous apporter le bien-être psychologique. Qui sont les acteurs qui promeuvent ces discours, et qu’est-ce que cela leur permet de faire ? Cet article rappelle tout d’abord combien l’écopsychologie émerge dans un contexte particulier: le double héritage de John Muir et de la contre-culture des années 1960. Le cas d’un acteur ordinaire de l’écopsychologie californienne, Shepherd Bliss, permet ensuite de comprendre comment, dans ce contexte, peuvent se construire des carrières à l’interface de mondes a priori éloignés. Dans ces approches, le fait de réenchanter la nature s’appuie sur des recettes éprouvées pour réenchanter la masculinité.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Eric Doidy) 13 Jun 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05111276v1
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[hal-05124696] Opinion and report of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) on the assessment of the impact of fox population dynamics on public health
The Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) can be hunted as a game species. It may also be listed as a “species likely to cause damage” (ESOD – the acronym in French), for public health reasons among others. Conversely, benefits linked to the presence of foxes are also put forward, such as the predation of rodents carrying zoonotic agents. In this context, ANSES was asked to: (1) list the zoonoses present in France for which foxes play an epidemiological role, (2) identify other public health impacts associated with changes in fox populations, (3) explain the relative importance of the effects of changes in fox populations for humans and/or the environment, (4) analyse the feasibility of a cost‐benefit analysis (CBA) of the prevention and impacts associated with these zoonoses. In France, the fox is a source of zoonotic pathogens, with a major role for Echinococcus multilocularis, a parasite for which the fox is the main source of environmental contamination. However, reducing fox populations does not reduce the risk of transmission of E. multilocularis to humans or domestic animals, and may even have the opposite effect to the one intended. The main levers for action are those relating to exposure to environmental contamination. The fox is part of complex trophic networks, in which its specific role in regulating prey populations is impossible to determine because (i) several predators share the same prey, with a variable role for the fox among the predators, (ii) the dynamics of prey populations is also conditioned by factors other than predation. The relationship between the abundance of rodents and the risk of disease for humans has not been demonstrated either, due to the complexity of the trophic and epidemiological networks, their highly probable variability from one ecosystem to another, and the multiplicity of hosts. As a result, the data currently available does not allow any conclusions to be drawn about the epidemiological role of the fox as a predator of rodents hosting zoonotic agents. Finally, there is no public health justification for culling foxes, particularly for ESOD classification, except in the very specific and localised context of the fight against bovine tuberculosis, for which the selective culling of foxes in and around the livestock buildings of a domestic outbreak has been proposed. In addition, the expertise concluded to the feasibility of a CBA targeted at assessing the burden of alveolar echinococcosis and measures to prevent its transmission. The feasibility study shows the partial nature of a CBA targeting zoonoses, without taking into account other roles played by the fox in the ecosystem.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont) 23 Jun 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05124696v1
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[hal-05027515] Potential of peatlands restoration for GHG emissions mitigation in France: Investigation of acquisition costs
Public demand for the restoration of degraded French peatlands is strong, as they contribute to climate change. A French carbon offset accreditation is being developed to facilitate private investment in peatland restoration. Assessing the costs of restoration programs and projects is vital to target cost-efficiency. Studies on acquisition costs are non-existent in the peatland scientific literature, while the sale price of peatlands could increase restoration costs, hampering the feasibility of operation works. Given the need for spatially explicit information for restoration planning, we use the first stage of the hedonic prices method to provide a model that measures the price of French peatlands and its determinants, at a national scale. Real peatland sales from the DVF+ database (Cerema) are exploited. The parcels selected in the model are distributed along a gradient of elevation, state of degradation and intensity of land use. Predictions of peatland prices are then made in the Cotentin-Bessin and jurassian massif regions to check the validity of the model. The average peatland price is 3014 €/ha but it varies greatly between regions. The main results indicate that intensive land use (crops) and increasing slope raise the selling price, while elevation, increasing distance to settlement and moor land use lower it. The prediction results are encouraging for a nationwide use of peatland prices in restoration planning programs. This study will also help get a better understanding of implications of peatland acquisition in restoration and total costs. This study provides ex-ante information before the price of land may rise due to soaring carbon prices and the attractiveness of peatland purchase for private sector following the implementation of the French carbon offset accreditation for peatlands. Afterwards, the focus should be put onto complementary land indicators such as fragmentation. The methods developed in the article can be applied to other contexts where there are overlapping land uses.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lise Pinault) 09 Apr 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05027515v1
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[hal-05109984] Des campagnes reconfigurées
Tandis que le nombre d’agriculteurs et d’agricultrices ne cesse de diminuer, l’espace rural se réinvente sous l’impulsion de nouveaux actifs non issus de cette profession, longtemps emblématique de la ruralité.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Yannick Sencébé) 12 Jun 2025
https://institut-agro-dijon.hal.science/hal-05109984v1
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[hal-05107904] Identification of Spatial Spillovers: Do's and Don'ts
The notion of spatial spillovers has been widely used in applied spatial econometrics. In this paper, we consider how they can be identified in both structural and causal reduced‐form models. First, discussing the various threats to identification in structural models, we point out that the typical estimation framework proposed in the applied spatial econometric literature boils down to considering spatial spillovers as a side‐effect of a data‐driven chosen specification. We also discuss the limits of blindly relying on interaction matrices purely based on geography to identify the source and content of spillovers. Then, we present reduced forms impact evaluation models for spatial data and show that the current spatial versions of usual impact evaluation models are not fully satisfactory when considering the identification issue. Finally, we propose a set of recommendations for applied articles aimed at identifying spatial spillovers.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nicolas Debarsy) 11 Jun 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05107904v1
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[hal-05003526] Méthode d'analyse de la transition agroécologique à l'échelle des filières
Cet article propose un cadre analytique du processus de transition agroécologique à l'échelle des filières agrialimentaires, en mobilisant des approches issues des transition studies et de l'économie de l'innovation. Ce cadre vise à questionner la manière dont les différents maillons des filières peuvent se coordonner pour construire un processus d'apprentissage collectif de conception et valorisation sur le marché de systèmes agrialimentaires durables. Un ensemble de fonctions clés telles que la coconstruction des connaissances, la mise en place de cahiers de charges en lien avec des mentions valorisantes, la sécurisation de l'approvisionnement au travers de contrats, sont considérées. La pertinence d'utilisation de ce cadre d'analyse pour comprendre ces dynamiques de filière, s'est renforcée au fil de sa construction pour l'étude de 28 cas de démarches de filières déclarant se différencier par des pratiques reliées à des principes de l'agroécologie.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Benoît Magrini) 24 Mar 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05003526v1
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[hal-05003464] Le chantier « Agroécologie & Marché » conduit par les groupes filières INRAE
Innovations agronomiques 100 (2025), 1-12 <div>Résumé<p>Le secteur agroalimentaire fait l'objet d'une segmentation croissante du marché avec la multiplication de démarches dites de qualité, publique ou privée, qui engagent les filières dans la construction de pratiques de production, de transformation ou de distribution différenciées. Nous connaissons peu de choses sur la manière dont ces démarches inscrivent leurs pratiques dans l'agroécologie, et en particulier pour les filières ayant une mention valorisante autre que l'agriculture biologique. De 2022 à 2023, la Direction Scientifique Agriculture INRAE a engagé un chantier exploratoire, avec 11 groupes filières INRAE, pour analyser comment se construisent des démarches de filières différenciées sur le marché et leur engagement en faveur de l'agroécologie. Ce chantier dénommé « Agroécologie et Marché » s'est appuyé sur une analyse documentaire et une série d'entretiens auprès de plus de 60 acteurs, représentatifs d'interprofessions et de différents maillons de diverses filières. Cet article introductif présente la réflexion initiale de ce chantier, la mission des groupes filières et les 28 cas d'études retenus à titre illustratif, pour conduire cette analyse exploratoire au regard d'une diversité de contextes de production et de filières.</p></div>
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Benoît Magrini) 24 Mar 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05003464v1
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[hal-04766903] Assessing the ex-ante impacts of a low-emission zone on transport poverty and vulnerability with the VulMob indicator
Numerous Low Emission Zones (LEZs) have been implemented across Europe to improve air quality and reduce car use. However, to date, the impact of LEZs has been widely perceived as regressive, since vehicles that meet the low emission requirements are more expensive than others. The literature assessing the impact of LEZs on vulnerable and poor households prior to their implementation is sparse, particularly if we take into account the diversity of households’ capacities to adapt according to their characteristics and mobility habits, beyond the sole solution of purchasing a LEZ-compatible vehicle. However, such assessments would make it possible to define accompanying policies to improve the social justice of the LEZs. In this article, we develop a methodology to evaluate the ex-ante impacts of a LEZ on vulnerable or poor households. First, we identify households affected by the LEZ. Second, the VulMob multidimensional indicator is used to identify, among affected households, households with low transport-affordability and highly vulnerable households according to their vulnerability profiles. Third, we assess the adaptive capacity in terms of modal shift options and considering the possibility to modify the destination. We apply this methodology to the Grenoble area (France), using the Local Household Travel Survey. The results show that not only are highly vulnerable households more affected by the LEZ than other households, but also that more of them are left with no alternative but to buy a LEZ-compliant car. Nevertheless, modal shift seems an adaptation solution with great potential for all households. This could improve the environmental and health performance of LEZs. This work can guide decision-makers in the definition of preventive and compensatory policies, considering the profiles of transport vulnerability and the specificities of the territory.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lola Blandin) 05 Nov 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04766903v1
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[hal-04971903] Acceptability and effect on food choices of incentives promoting more sustainable diets among low-income consumers: A qualitative study
In the context of rising food costs, low-income consumers are likely to lack financial access to a sustainable diet primarily composed of healthy plant-based food. To promote a change towards more sustainable food habits, vouchers for fruit, vegetables and legumes redeemable in supermarkets have been experimented in the urban area of Dijon (France). The objective of the study was to explore the acceptability of the intervention and the effects of the vouchers on food choices through participants' perceptions. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-seven participants, three months after the end of the intervention. The transcripts were analysed through inductive then deductive content analysis, following a process evaluation framework with two themes related to the implementation and the mechanisms of impact of the intervention. Implementation issues and feelings of discrimination were mentioned, but satisfaction was high and vouchers were considered to improve the financial situation, although the restriction on the targeted products was not always understood. Regarding the mechanisms of impact, during the intervention period, two third of the participants, especially families with young children, attached greater importance to taste and curiosity for unfamiliar food and lesser importance to price. Vouchers thus led to food purchases of higher diversity and higher enjoyment. Other participants did not change their habits, mostly because of an improper use of the vouchers or the absence of motivation for a dietary change. These findings suggest that financial incentives not only increase access to sustainable food, but also influence food choice processes and contribute to greater acceptability of plant-based food in low-income families. The results call for financial incentives to be considered as an opportunity to support changes in dietary behaviour in low-income populations.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Basile Verdeau) 28 Feb 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04971903v1
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[hal-05095333] Le monde agricole est en crise
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Daniele Inda) 03 Jun 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05095333v1
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[halshs-04937844] Les jeunes s’ennuient et fuient la campagne
Ce chapitre aborde la question des espaces ruraux décrits le plus souvent par leurs manques, qui seraient la source d’un ennui juvénile provoquant une émigration de masse. Pourtant, cette idée selon laquelle les jeunes fuiraient le « vide » repoussoir de campagnes « désolées » pour rejoindre le « tout » enviable des villes est réfutable.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Yaëlle Amsellem-Mainguy) 10 Feb 2025
https://shs.hal.science/halshs-04937844v1
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[hal-05050884] Les ruraux n’aiment pas les residences secondaires
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Gilles Laferté) 29 Apr 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05050884v1
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[hal-04992580] Introduction of Julie Le Gallo, Editor-in-Chief as of January 2025
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Julie Le Gallo) 15 Mar 2025
https://hal.science/hal-04992580v1
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[hal-04963164] Competing for opportunity: Transport infrastructures and localized unemployment
Unemployment rates vary significantly across neighborhoods and worker types, yet the role of transport infrastructures in explaining these disparities remains unexplored. We propose a quantitative urban model with frictional unemployment and heterogeneous workers where better connections between neighborhoods might exacerbate unemployment disparities due to competition among workers. We document this phenomenon using a difference-indifferences to estimate the impact of the creation of the Paris Regional Express Rail (RER). We find that the project increased the unemployment rate of low-skilled workers, but not of their high-skilled counterparts. In Paris, differences in job market access reduce unemployment inequalities between college graduates and the rest of the population.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guillaume Chapelle) 24 Feb 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04963164v1
